TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) Machine Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), a common electrotherapy modality in physiotherapy, is geared towards the elimination of pain. It presents low voltage electrical currents by the use of electrodes on the skin around the source of pain. TENS therapy is non-invasive, safe, and convenient and that is why it…
Ultrasound Therapy ultrasound therapy is a common form of electrotherapy that involves the use of sound waves of high frequency (greater than the audible frequency of humans, or higher than 20 kHz) to treat soft-tissue injuries. Therapeutic ultrasound usually runs on a frequency of 1 MHz or 3 MHz and the medium of coupling is…
Infrared (IR) Machine Infrared (IR) machine is an often used electrotherapy modality in physiotherapy, which generates infrared radiation to provide superficial heat to the body tissues. The IR rays belong to the electromagnetic spectrum, which is just beyond the red light. These rays when used on the body enter through the skin causing thermal effects…
Anatomy of the Heart It is situated in the mid mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. Between the lungs, behind the sternum and lies. Approximately 2/3 of the heart is around the left side of the midline. Shape Conical and the size is about that of a closed fist. Weight: Male: ~300 g and Female: ~250 g….
Facial Nerve Palsy Facial nerve palsy is the disease of the face muscles, which is caused by the inability or insufficientness of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) to provide muscles on one side or both sides of the face with the necessary activity. The facial nerve consists of the motor and sensory parts. It…
Cranial nerves Click & Watch Cranial nerves are the twelve pairs of nerves, which originate essentially in the brain and the brainstem, as opposed to in the spinal cord. They go through holes in the skull supplying predominantly the areas of the head and neck, the vagus nerve is connected to the thorax and abdomen….
What is the stroke? Management of Stroke Stroke rehabilitation is phase-wise, focusing on prevention of complications and functional recovery. Acute Phase Management (0–7 days) Goals Prevent complications Maintain joint integrity Early mobilization Physiotherapy Management Proper positioning in bed (anti-spastic posture) Prevention of pressure sores Passive range of motion exercises Chest physiotherapy Early sitting balance training…
STROKE Stroke is a sudden onset neurological condition caused by an interruption of blood supply to the brain, leading to brain cell damage or death. Stroke results in impairments of motor, sensory, cognitive, perceptual, and speech functions depending on the area of the brain affected. Pathophysiology Stroke occurs due to reduced or interrupted cerebral…
Scapular dyskinesia Scapular dyskinesia is the abnormality of position and movement of the scapula during shoulder movement. The scapula is an essential part of the upper-limb by forming a stable but mobile base on which glenohumeral movement is performed. In the normal arm lifting, the scapula is required to move in a coordinated manner with…
